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What is a Foundation?

Broadly, foundations provide support and anchor the superstructure of a building, helping transfer the load directly to the earth prepared with suitable settlement characteristics and sufficient bearing capacity.

Foundations are categorised as deep and shallow foundations. A deep foundation is used where the bearing capacity of the soil is not sufficient to support the building’s structure. In contrast, a shallow foundation is used where the structure load is low compared to the bearing capacity of the soil or ground.

What is a Strip Foundation?

  • A strip foundation, also called strip footing, is a kind of shallow foundation.
  • It supports linear structures such as walls built on the foundation.
  • Though it runs beneath all the bearing walls, the strip’s width is determined by the bearing load and pressure of the ground.
  • The strip’s width should be long enough to lay on solid ground.
  • Furthermore, the soil’s quality also plays a role in determining the depth of the foundation.

Where is Strip Foundation Suitable?

A concrete strip foundation is suitable where the soil has an excellent bearing capacity and quality. It is used in light structural buildings such as medium-rise domestic buildings.

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Types of Strip Foundation

There are two main types of strip foundations based on their characteristics:

Deep Strip Foundation

  • It is the most popular and common type of foundation.
  • It is the cheapest economical solution for places where soil conditions are suitable.
  • It can support any wall.
  • Its depth should be at least 40 inches, and its width at least 24 inches.
  • The concrete’s depth should be at least 9 inches.

Wide Strip Foundation

  • Wide concrete strip foundations are used where the ground has a low bearing capacity.
  • Therefore, a reinforced concrete strip foundation is used to spread and balance the load over a larger area.

How to Determine Whether the Strip Foundation is Suitable or Not?

According to the Building Regulations, here are some rules regarding concrete strip foundation’s suitability:

1. Know the required width of the foundation strip stated in the building regulation before planning your construction project.
2. Check the compatibility between soil chemicals and concrete solutions.
3. The width and thickness of the strip should be equal to or greater than the wall’s side; also, it should not be under 6 inches.
4. The step heights shouldn’t exceed the foundation’s thickness.

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Benefits of Strip Foundations

• When used appropriately, mass strip foundation has many advantages.
• This foundation is relatively cheaper in terms of material and construction costs.
• The construction of a strip foundation is easily understood by each construction professional and contractor.
• The process is swift and straightforward as a simple formwork structure is used that requires simple reinforcement installation.

What Are the Limitations of Strip Foundation?

• A strip foundation is only suitable for small residential projects with a low loading bearing requirement.
• If the ground has poor soil conditions, the strip foundation can pose a great risk leading to structural integrity.
• It can also cause the building to sink or collapse.
• It is also unsuitable for sites requiring retaining walls and sloping sites.

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How to Use Strip Foundations?

  • Identify and mark the position of load-bearing walls.
  • Dig trenches by keeping the wall’s centre line as a guide.
  • Dig the trenches deeper than the required depth and backfill with compacted hardcore.
  • Next, to pour concrete, construct the formwork.
  • Position steel reinforcement appropriately and tie it in with suitable stays and ties.
  • Then pour concrete in the trenchwork, ensuring the level of concrete is consistent.
  • Leave the concrete to cure before removing the formwork.

The trench depth of the concrete strip foundation should be at least 1m with a width of 600mm. And the concrete’s depth should be 225mm.

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